Legal Literacy - Bullying has recently become a rampant issue in Indonesia. Not only in the community, the act of disturbing and hurting others is also massive in the scope of Islamic education.
This article discusses the phenomenon of bullying that often occurs in Islamic boarding schools and how Islamic law and criminal law view these cases.
Knowing Bullying Behavior
Bullying can be defined as intentional violence or bullying by a stronger person or group.
Juridically, acts of violence are described in Article 1 point 16 of Law Number 35 of 2014, which defines it as any act committed against a child that causes physical, psychological, sexual, and/or neglect, including threats to commit such acts, coercion, or unlawful deprivation of liberty.
Bullying incidents can occur in the home or family environment, school, and the wider community. Bullies are generally those who are popular figures and have power in the area or school. The victims are usually junior, less confident, shy, quiet, and those who feel weak.
Types of Bullying
Antonius P.S. Wibowo, through his book entitled "Application of Criminal Law in Handling Bullying in Schools," divides bullying into 3 types, namely:
(1) Physical Bullying
This type of bullying is characterized by physical contact between the perpetrator and the victim and is visible to the naked eye.
Physical bullying generally includes pushing, kicking, pinching, grabbing, slapping, scratching, hurting with objects, blackmailing, damaging other people's property, and so on.
(2) Verbal Bullying
This type of bullying is characterized by abusive or unkind behavior towards someone through words or speech. This type of bullying can hurt others through words alone.
Some behaviors that constitute verbal bullying include yelling, threatening, insulting, berating, demeaning, throwing harsh or dirty words at the victim, intimidating, spreading gossip, calling the victim names or terms that hurt the victim, and so on.
(3) Psychological Bullying
This type of bullying is divided into 2 categories, namely direct non-verbal bullying and indirect non-verbal bullying .
- Direct Non-Verbal
This type of bullying is characterized by a cynical and threatening look or facial expression towards the victim. In these cases, physical and verbal bullying are common.
- Indirect Non Verbal
This type of bullying is characterized by silencing the victim, excluding, ignoring, slandering, terrorizing, scaring, and mocking through social media.
In addition to the bullying mentioned above, there are 2 other types of bullying proposed by McCulloch and Barbara, namely:
(1) Social Bullying
This type of bullying is defined as social bullying, such as telling others not to be friends with someone, spreading false rumors, or embarrassing others in public.
(2) Cyberbullying
This type of bullying is defined as any action that utilizes communication and information technology to encourage deliberate and/or continuous hostility by individuals or groups with the aim of harming others.
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