Hajj Quota Corruption: Testing the Effectiveness of the Hajj Implementation Law

By H. Imam Santoso

21 Jan 2026 00:00 WIB 21 January 2026 00:00 WIB 8 minutes reading time: 8 minutes 7 read

Updated: 05 Feb 2026 07:53 WIB 05 February 2026 07:53 WIB

Hajj quota corruption traps the former Minister of Religious Affairs. In-depth analysis of structured corruption practices and their implications in a legal perspective.

Ilustrasi terkait: KUOTA HAJI MENGHANTAR EKS MENAG RI MASUK BUI (Source: AI Gemini, Redaksi Literasi Hukum Indonesia)

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Table of Contents

Structured, Systematic, Massive (TSM) Corruption
Transparency International Institution
Corruption in Islamic Perspective
Fraud Triangle Theory and Gone Theory
Illegal Acts
Anti Mainstreaming
References

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Section 2/3: Transparency International Institution

Transparency International Institution

Even though Indonesia is not the most corrupt country in the world, it is still far behind compared to neighboring countries Singapore, Malaysia and Vietnam. According to Transparency International released in early 2025, Indonesia is ranked 99th out of 180 countries with a Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) score of 37, while Singapore scores 84, Malaysia scores 50 and Vietnam with a score of 40. The CPI (Corruption Perception Index) score or IPK (Corruption Perception Index) scale is 0-100. The lower the CPI score, the higher the level of corruption, conversely, the higher the CPI score, the lower the level of corruption.

Transparency International (TI) is a credible non-governmental organization recognized worldwide for measuring perceptions of corruption in the public sector in a country. This institution is dedicated to fighting corruption by increasing transparency and accountability, working in more than 100 countries through research, advocacy, and campaigns, and is known for its annual publication of the CPI (Corruption Perception Index) or IPK (Corruption Perception Index) scale of 0-100. Headquartered in Berlin, Germany, it is currently chaired by François Valérian, a French citizen.

Corruption in Islamic Perspective

In the perspective of Islamic teachings, corruption is a major sin. The Qur'an explicitly prohibits the practice of consuming other people's wealth in vain (QS. Al-Baqarah: 188; QS. An-Nisa: 29; QS. Ali Imran: 161), as are various hadiths of the Prophet narrated by Imam al-Turmudzi and Imam Ahmad. Corruption—in the form of ghulul, risywah, or fasad. Everything that is prohibited in Islamic teachings is definitely bad to do, even violates state law and every Muslim individual is obliged to understand that fundamental.

Ironically, the former Indonesian Minister of Religious Affairs, Gus Yaqut, the alleged perpetrator of corruption, actually comes from an individual who is identical to very good morality and religion, even holding an honorary religious title, who has deep religious knowledge, Gus.

In Indonesia, especially in Java, the title Gus isthe title of a son or male family member of akiaiwho is not yet sufficient to be calledkiai. Gus Yaqut - he is the son ofK.H. M. Cholil Bisriand the younger brother of the Chairman ofPengurus Besar Nahdlatul Ulama,Dr. K.H.Yahya Cholil Staqufas well as the nephew ofK.H. Musthofa Bisri who is very famous for his poetry.

This fact raises a significant question, why would a Gus or Kiai, who ostensibly holds a religious honorary title and has profound religious knowledge, engage in corruption?