Legal Literacy- The crime of misusing microorganisms poses a complex legal challenge along with the development of biotechnology. Indonesia already has various regulations governing the use of microorganisms in various aspects, such as biosafety, bioterrorism, environmental pollution, and food and drug production. However, weak regulations and law enforcement mechanisms are a challenge in themselves. This article analyzes the legal arrangements related to the crime of misuse of microorganisms with a normative juridical approach.

Introduction

Microorganisms have broad benefits in various fields, from the pharmaceutical industry to agriculture. However, misuse can have serious impacts on public health, the environment and national security. Therefore, clear and effective legal arrangements are needed to address the misuse of microorganisms. Several regulations have been implemented in Indonesia, but the effectiveness and coordination between regulations still need to be further reviewed.Law No. 5 of 2018 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism - This regulation governs the use of biological weapons, including microorganisms, as part of acts of terrorism. In Article 10, the spread of harmful microorganisms can be categorized as a criminal act of terrorism with the threat of a maximum sentence of death. Law No. 21 of 2019 concerning Animal, Fish and Plant Quarantine - Although not directly mentioned, this regulation prohibits the import, export or distribution of microorganisms that could endanger public health and the environment without permission. Violations of this regulation can be subject to criminal sanctions in the form of fines and imprisonment. Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2021 concerning Management of Microorganisms - Regulates the mechanism for guidance and supervision of the Management of Microorganisms carried out by the Storage Institution.